#################################################################################
# WaterTAP Copyright (c) 2020-2024, The Regents of the University of California,
# through Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Oak Ridge National Laboratory,
# National Renewable Energy Laboratory, and National Energy Technology
# Laboratory (subject to receipt of any required approvals from the U.S. Dept.
# of Energy). All rights reserved.
#
# Please see the files COPYRIGHT.md and LICENSE.md for full copyright and license
# information, respectively. These files are also available online at the URL
# "https://github.com/watertap-org/watertap/"
#################################################################################
"""
Thermophysical property package to be used in conjunction with ADM1 reactions.
"""
# Import Pyomo libraries
import pyomo.environ as pyo
# Import IDAES cores
from idaes.core import (
declare_process_block_class,
MaterialFlowBasis,
PhysicalParameterBlock,
StateBlockData,
StateBlock,
MaterialBalanceType,
EnergyBalanceType,
VaporPhase,
Component,
Solute,
)
from idaes.core.util.model_statistics import degrees_of_freedom
from idaes.core.util.constants import Constants
from idaes.core.util.initialization import fix_state_vars, revert_state_vars
import idaes.logger as idaeslog
import idaes.core.util.scaling as iscale
# Some more information about this module
__author__ = "Alejandro Garciadiego, Xinhong Liu"
# Set up logger
_log = idaeslog.getLogger(__name__)
[docs]@declare_process_block_class("ADM1_vaporParameterBlock")
class ADM1_vaporParameterData(PhysicalParameterBlock):
"""
Property Parameter Block Class
"""
[docs] def build(self):
"""
Callable method for Block construction.
"""
super().build()
self._state_block_class = ADM1_vaporStateBlock
# Add Phase objects
self.Vap = VaporPhase()
# Add Component objects
self.H2O = Component()
# All soluble components on kg COD/m^3 basis
self.S_h2 = Solute(doc="Hydrogen gas")
self.S_ch4 = Solute(doc="Methane gas")
self.S_co2 = Solute(doc="Carbon dioxide")
# Heat capacity of water
self.cp_mass = pyo.Param(
initialize=1.996,
doc="Specific heat capacity of water",
units=pyo.units.J / pyo.units.kg / pyo.units.K,
)
# Density of water
self.dens_mass = pyo.Param(
# initialize=0.927613356,
initialize=0.01,
doc="Density of water",
units=pyo.units.kg / pyo.units.m**3,
)
# Thermodynamic reference state
self.pressure_ref = pyo.Param(
within=pyo.PositiveReals,
mutable=True,
default=101325.0,
doc="Reference pressure",
units=pyo.units.Pa,
)
self.temperature_ref = pyo.Param(
within=pyo.PositiveReals,
mutable=True,
default=298.15,
doc="Reference temperature",
units=pyo.units.K,
)
[docs]class _ADM1_vaporStateBlock(StateBlock):
"""
This Class contains methods which should be applied to Property Blocks as a
whole, rather than individual elements of indexed Property Blocks.
"""
[docs] def initialize(
self,
state_args=None,
state_vars_fixed=False,
hold_state=False,
outlvl=idaeslog.NOTSET,
solver=None,
optarg=None,
):
"""
Initialization routine for property package.
Keyword Arguments:
state_args : Dictionary with initial guesses for the state vars
chosen. Note that if this method is triggered
through the control volume, and if initial guesses
were not provided at the unit model level, the
control volume passes the inlet values as initial
guess.The keys for the state_args dictionary are:
flow_mol_comp : value at which to initialize component flows (default=None)
pressure : value at which to initialize pressure (default=None)
temperature : value at which to initialize temperature (default=None)
outlvl : sets output level of initialization routine
state_vars_fixed: Flag to denote if state vars have already been fixed.
True - states have already been fixed and
initialization does not need to worry
about fixing and unfixing variables.
False - states have not been fixed. The state
block will deal with fixing/unfixing.
optarg : solver options dictionary object (default=None, use
default solver options)
solver : str indicating which solver to use during
initialization (default = None, use default solver)
hold_state : flag indicating whether the initialization routine
should unfix any state variables fixed during
initialization (default=False).
True - states variables are not unfixed, and
a dict of returned containing flags for
which states were fixed during initialization.
False - state variables are unfixed after
initialization by calling the
release_state method
Returns:
If hold_states is True, returns a dict containing flags for
which states were fixed during initialization.
"""
init_log = idaeslog.getInitLogger(self.name, outlvl, tag="properties")
if state_vars_fixed is False:
# Fix state variables if not already fixed
flags = fix_state_vars(self, state_args)
else:
# Check when the state vars are fixed already result in dof 0
for k in self.keys():
if degrees_of_freedom(self[k]) != 0:
raise Exception(
"State vars fixed but degrees of freedom "
"for state block is not zero during "
"initialization."
)
if state_vars_fixed is False:
if hold_state is True:
return flags
else:
self.release_state(flags)
init_log.info("Initialization Complete.")
[docs] def release_state(self, flags, outlvl=idaeslog.NOTSET):
"""
Method to release state variables fixed during initialization.
Keyword Arguments:
flags : dict containing information of which state variables
were fixed during initialization, and should now be
unfixed. This dict is returned by initialize if
hold_state=True.
outlvl : sets output level of logging
"""
init_log = idaeslog.getInitLogger(self.name, outlvl, tag="properties")
if flags is None:
return
# Unfix state variables
revert_state_vars(self, flags)
init_log.info("State Released.")
[docs]@declare_process_block_class("ADM1_vaporStateBlock", block_class=_ADM1_vaporStateBlock)
class ADM1_vaporStateBlockData(StateBlockData):
"""
StateBlock for calculating thermophysical properties associated with the ADM1
reaction system.
"""
[docs] def build(self):
"""
Callable method for Block construction
"""
super().build()
# Create state variables
self.flow_vol = pyo.Var(
initialize=1,
domain=pyo.NonNegativeReals,
doc="Total volumetric flowrate",
units=pyo.units.m**3 / pyo.units.s,
)
self.pressure = pyo.Var(
domain=pyo.NonNegativeReals,
initialize=101325.0,
bounds=(1e3, 1e6),
doc="Pressure",
units=pyo.units.Pa,
)
self.temperature = pyo.Var(
domain=pyo.NonNegativeReals,
initialize=298.15,
bounds=(273.15, 323.15),
doc="Temperature",
units=pyo.units.K,
)
Comp_dict = {"S_ch4": 1.6256, "S_co2": 0.01415 * 12, "S_h2": 1e-5}
self.conc_mass_comp = pyo.Var(
self.params.solute_set,
domain=pyo.NonNegativeReals,
initialize=Comp_dict,
doc="Component mass concentrations",
units=pyo.units.kg / pyo.units.m**3,
)
init = {"S_ch4": 65077, "S_co2": 36255, "S_h2": 1.639, "H2O": 5570}
self.pressure_sat = pyo.Var(
self.params.component_list,
domain=pyo.NonNegativeReals,
initialize=init,
doc="Component pressure",
units=pyo.units.Pa,
)
def pressure_sat_rule(b, j):
if j == "S_h2":
return b.pressure_sat[j] == pyo.units.convert(
b.conc_mass_comp[j]
* (1000 * pyo.units.g / pyo.units.kg)
* Constants.gas_constant
* b.temperature
/ (16 * pyo.units.g / pyo.units.mole),
to_units=pyo.units.Pa,
)
elif j == "S_ch4":
return b.pressure_sat[j] == pyo.units.convert(
b.conc_mass_comp[j]
* (1000 * pyo.units.g / pyo.units.kg)
* Constants.gas_constant
* b.temperature
/ (64 * pyo.units.g / pyo.units.mole),
to_units=pyo.units.Pa,
)
elif j == "H2O":
return pyo.log(b.pressure_sat[j] / pyo.units.Pa) == (
pyo.log(0.0313)
+ 5290
* pyo.units.K
* ((1 / b.params.temperature_ref) - (1 / b.temperature))
+ pyo.log(1e5)
)
elif j == "S_co2":
return b.pressure_sat[j] == pyo.units.convert(
b.conc_mass_comp[j]
* (1000 * pyo.units.g / pyo.units.kg)
* Constants.gas_constant
* b.temperature
/ (12 * pyo.units.g / pyo.units.mole),
to_units=pyo.units.Pa,
)
else:
raise Exception("Vapor component not implemented.")
self._pressure_sat = pyo.Constraint(
self.params.component_list,
rule=pressure_sat_rule,
doc="Saturation pressure for components",
)
def material_flow_expression(self, j):
if j == "H2O":
return self.flow_vol * self.params.dens_mass
else:
return self.flow_vol * self.conc_mass_comp[j]
self.material_flow_expression = pyo.Expression(
self.component_list,
rule=material_flow_expression,
doc="Material flow terms",
)
def enthalpy_flow_expression(self):
return (
self.flow_vol
* self.params.dens_mass
* self.params.cp_mass
* (self.temperature - self.params.temperature_ref)
)
self.enthalpy_flow_expression = pyo.Expression(
rule=enthalpy_flow_expression, doc="Enthalpy flow term"
)
def material_density_expression(self, j):
if j == "H2O":
return self.params.dens_mass
else:
return self.conc_mass_comp[j]
self.material_density_expression = pyo.Expression(
self.component_list,
rule=material_density_expression,
doc="Material density terms",
)
def energy_density_expression(self):
return (
self.params.dens_mass
* self.params.cp_mass
* (self.temperature - self.params.temperature_ref)
)
self.energy_density_expression = pyo.Expression(
rule=energy_density_expression, doc="Energy density term"
)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.flow_vol, 1e5)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.temperature, 1e-1)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.pressure, 1e-3)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.conc_mass_comp, 1e2)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.conc_mass_comp["S_h2"], 1e3)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.pressure_sat, 1e-3)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.pressure_sat["S_h2"], 1e-2)
[docs] def get_material_flow_terms(self, p, j):
return self.material_flow_expression[j]
[docs] def get_enthalpy_flow_terms(self, p):
return self.enthalpy_flow_expression
[docs] def get_material_density_terms(self, p, j):
return self.material_density_expression[j]
[docs] def get_energy_density_terms(self, p):
return self.energy_density_expression
def default_material_balance_type(self):
return MaterialBalanceType.componentPhase
def default_energy_balance_type(self):
return EnergyBalanceType.enthalpyTotal
[docs] def define_state_vars(self):
return {
"flow_vol": self.flow_vol,
"conc_mass_comp": self.conc_mass_comp,
"temperature": self.temperature,
"pressure": self.pressure,
}
[docs] def define_display_vars(self):
return {
"Volumetric Flowrate": self.flow_vol,
"Mass Concentration": self.conc_mass_comp,
"Temperature": self.temperature,
"Pressure": self.pressure,
}
[docs] def get_material_flow_basis(self):
return MaterialFlowBasis.mass
def calculate_scaling_factors(self):
# Get default scale factors and do calculations from base classes
super().calculate_scaling_factors()
# No constraints in this model as yet, just need to set scaling factors
# for expressions
sf_F = iscale.get_scaling_factor(self.flow_vol, default=1e2, warning=True)
sf_T = iscale.get_scaling_factor(self.temperature, default=1e-2, warning=True)
# Mass flow and density terms
for j in self.component_list:
if j == "H2O":
sf_C = pyo.value(1 / self.params.dens_mass)
else:
sf_C = iscale.get_scaling_factor(
self.conc_mass_comp[j], default=1e2, warning=True
)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.material_flow_expression[j], sf_F * sf_C)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.material_density_expression[j], sf_C)
# Enthalpy and energy terms
sf_rho_cp = pyo.value(1 / (self.params.dens_mass * self.params.cp_mass))
iscale.set_scaling_factor(
self.enthalpy_flow_expression, sf_F * sf_rho_cp * sf_T
)
iscale.set_scaling_factor(self.energy_density_expression, sf_rho_cp * sf_T)
for t, v in self._pressure_sat.items():
iscale.constraint_scaling_transform(
v,
iscale.get_scaling_factor(
self.pressure_sat,
default=1,
warning=True,
),
)